Friday, December 12, 2025

Neurological

🔷 Epileptic Encephalopathies (EE)

Definition A group of severe childhood epilepsies where epileptic activity itself causes progressive cognitive, behavioral, or developmental decline Seizures + EEG abnormalities are toxic to the brain ⭐ Core Features 👶 Early onset...

🧠Non-Compressive Myelopathy

🧠 Non-Compressive Myelopathy – High-Yield Overview Spinal cord dysfunction without external mechanical compression. Pathology is intrinsic: inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, toxic, infectious, genetic,...

🩸 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)

🧠🩸 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) in the NeuroICU – Comprehensive Review 📌 I. Introduction IVH = bleeding into the cerebral ventricular...

👁️ One and a Half Syndrome

🧠 Lesion: PPRF / Abducens nucleus + ipsilateral MLF 👁️ Ipsilateral eye: no horizontal movement 👁️ Contralateral eye: abducts only...

🧠 Drugs Causing Cognitive Impairment

⚗️ 1️⃣ Anticholinergic Medications (MOST IMPORTANT) Mechanism: Block central acetylcholine → impaired attention, memory, processing speedClinical pearl: Chronic use...

🔷 Epileptic Encephalopathies (EE)

Definition A group of severe childhood epilepsies where epileptic activity itself causes progressive cognitive, behavioral, or developmental decline Seizures + EEG abnormalities are toxic to the...

🧠 Drugs Causing Cognitive Impairment

⚗️ 1️⃣ Anticholinergic Medications (MOST IMPORTANT) Mechanism: Block central acetylcholine → impaired attention, memory, processing speedClinical pearl: Chronic use in elderly ↑ dementia risk (dose-dependent)Examples: Antihistamines:...

🧠 Proteinopathies of CNS

🧠 Proteinopathies of the Central Nervous System (CNS) Misfolded or abnormally aggregated proteins → neuronal dysfunction → progressive neurodegeneration.Many spread in a prion-like pattern (templated...

🧠 Migraine

🌩️ Pathophysiology of Migraine (High-Performance Summary) Migraine = a complex neurovascular network disorder driven by brain hyperexcitability, trigeminovascular activation, and defective pain modulation. ❄️1. Genetic &...

🧠CIDP(Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy)

🧠 CIDP (Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy) – Variants & High-Yield Definition:Chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathy 🧬, >8 weeks, often relapsing or progressive. Chronic counterpart of AIDP/GBS...

⚡ Motor Neuropathies

⚡ Motor Neuropathies — Complete High-Yield Overview Motor neuropathies cause pure or predominant motor weakness due to disorders of motor axons, occasionally mimicking motor neuron...